Common words in Indo European languages

Meaning	PIE	PII	Sanskrit	Avestan	Persian	Latin	Greek	German	Notes
beautiful	keubh	caubh	shubh	ziba
beloved	priye	pria	priya	friia	peris		Aphrodite		IE Goddess
big, great	mega	mah	mah, magha	maz		magnus	mega		Magha nakshatra
bird	melg	marg	mriga	merega	murgh	miluus			Murgh-ab - rivers of birds, also wild beast
blink	meik	mic	mish, nimesh			mico			nimesh = unit of time = one blink
bottom	bhudhno	bhudhna	budhna	budna	bun	fundus		bodam
bread	pen	pan	panasa		nan
breast	psten	pstana	stana	axtana	pisten		stethos	spunni
brick		ist	ishtaka	istiia	hist				Central Asian loan word
bright, god, day	dieus	diau	dyau, dyu, div	daeva	div, dev	iuppiter	zeus	zio	Jupiter <- iuppiter <- dieu pater, IE God
bright, shining	swaid	kshai	kshai	xaena	duruḵẖshān			swit
broth, juice	yous	yush	yush			ius
brother	bhrater	bhratar	bhratar	bratar	biradar	frater	phrater	brouder
brown	bhrun, bhebhru	bhabhru	babhru	babra				bruna	babhru - RV composer
brown		kadru	kadru		qahd				Central Asian loan word
bull	ersn, ersbho	arshan, arshabha	rishabha	arshnauuait			arsen	ershn	Rishabha - RV composer
buttock	klouni	crauni	shroni	sraoni	surun	clunis
calf, year	wetes, wetso	uasta	vatsa, vatsara			vetus	etos, wetos	widder	year = movement of cow
camel		ushtra	ushtra		ushtur				Central Asian loan word
cattle	peku	pacu	pashu	pasu		pecu	peko
chariot	roto	ratha	ratha		rah	rota
clear, bright	kait		ketu, citra	ciera	cihr	caelum		heiter	Chitra/Spica star nakshatra
cover	uer	uar	vri, var			aperio		waro	vavri (RV composer) <- vri
daughter	dhugeter	dhujhitr	duhitar	duxoar	dukhtar		thugater
dawn, east	eusos	ushas	ushas, usri	ushah		Aurora	Eos	aust	ushas = IE Goddess, also Skt usha, vasar
death	neks	nac	nash		naz	nex
desert		dhanuan	dhanvan
donkey		khar	khar		khar				Central Asian loan word
door	dhuer	dhuar	dvar	duuar	dar	fores	thura	tor
earth	ghem	ksham	ksham	zam	zamin	humus
earth	plethui	pritui	prithvi			planus		plataia	IE Goddess
eat	ed	ad	ad			edo	edo	essen	atri = eater - RV composer
enemy	wergh		vaira
excited, stiff	ghers	jharsh	harsh, jaharsh	jaresti		horreo			jaresti = NE
eye	ek	ak	akshi	axi		oculus	opthalmos	ouga
father	pater	patar	pitar	pitar	pidar	pater	pater	fater
fear	tres	tras	tras	tares	tars	terreo		eres
fire	egnis	agni	agni	hognai		ignis
foot	ped	pada	pada	pada	pa	pes	podi	fouz
fort	pla	pra	pur
go, come	gwem	gam, jam	gam	gemen		qimen		kwemom	jamadagni = agni will come
god	dieuo	daiva	deva	daeva	dev, div	dvus, deus
good, excellent	uesu	uasu	vasu	vohu	bih		eu	wisu	vasishtha <- superlative of vasu
grain, barley	ieuo	iaua	yava	yauua	jaw
grow, prosper	ueldh	uardh	vridh	vared			ortho
hand	ghesto	jhanta	hasta	zasta	dast	praesto	kheir
head	kras	cras	shira	sarah	sar	cerebrum	kare	hirni
heal		bhish	bhishaj						Central Asian loan word
high, up	ud	ud	ud, uttara	uz	us			uz, aus	uttara = north (highland in India)
horse	ekwos	acva	ashva	aspa	aspa	equus	hippos	ehwaz
how many	kwot	kati	kati	caiti		quot			Katya - RV composer
hundred	kemtom	catam, cata	shatam, shata	satem	sad	centum	hekaton		source of centum-satem isogloss
king, rich	reg	raj	raj	raz	rahst	rex	oregein	reich
lake, sea	mar		mira			mare		meer	Kash-mir, mira also means mountain
life	aiwos		ayu			aeuus
light	leuk	roca	roca, ruci	raocant	roz	lux	leuko	licht
lute		veena	veena						Central Asian loan word
man	merto	marta	marta	marta	mard		morto	morto
many, full	pele	puru	puru, purvi	pouru	paru	plus, plous	polu	voll	Pleiades (Krittika), Lat plenus
marijuana, hemp		bhang	bhang		bang				Central Asian loan word
master, lord	poti	pati	pati	paiti	bud	potis	posis	haupt
master, lord	ar	arya	arya	airyo	ariya			ehre	Finnish orja meaning slave
metal, copper	eios	aias	ayas	aiiah		aes		eisen	iron also since AV
moisture	ros	rasa	rasa	ranha	rasa, raha	ros	rha		Ancient name of Volga
moon	mens, mehns	mas, mahas	mas	ma, mahah	mah	mensis	men	mano
mother	mater	matar	matar	matar	madar	mater	meter	mouter
mountain	gri	gri	giri	gairi	gar		deiros
mountain	agwem	agam, ajam	aga						agastya, agasti <- aga
move, stir	kyew	cyaw	cyava	shiiauu	shav	cieo, civi	kio, kion		upacyava, apacyava - body movements
mustard		sinshap	sarshap		sarshaf
navel	nebh	nabh	nabhya, nabhi	naba, nafa	naf	umbilicus	omphalos	nabel	center of wheel
night	ksep	kshap	kshap	shapan	shab
night	noght	nakta	nakta			nox, noctis	nuktos	nacht
nine	neun	naua	nava	nauua		novem	ena	niwun	nodha (nine fold): RV composer
old, senior	sena	sana	sana	hana		senex			Sanaka - RV enemies, Vritra
palm, hand	palam, palan		pani	perena		palma	palama	fulmo	Skt. Pani is different from Pani tribe
pigeon		kapauta	kapota		kabutar				Central Asian loan word
pillar		sthuna	sthuna		sutun				Central Asian loan word
pressed juice	soumo	sauma	soma	haoma
priest	gheuter	jhautar	hotar	zaotar
protector	peuson	pushan	pushan						RV God: protects and furthers herds
red	reudh	rohita	rohita	raodita		ruber	ereutho	rauda	Rohini <- Rohita nakshatra
rhinoceros		kartka	kharga		karg
right, south	dekshino	dakshina	dakshina	dashina	dashn	dexter	deksio
river	eke	ap	ap		ab	aqua		aha	Ob river in Russia
river, stream, fluid	danus	danu	danu	danu	danu	danus	damos		Don, Dneiper, Donnets, Danube rivers
rock, cliff	pels		pashan, pashi				pella
rock, stone	kal		shila
sand, clay	mel	mar	mrit, maru	Mouru			blenno		maru also means mountain in Sanskrit
scatter, divide	ker, krey		krri, krinoti			cerno	krino	rein
sculptor, creator	tuerk	turshtar	tvastar	qbrs					makes Vajra for Indra
seed		bij	bij		bazr				Central Asian loan word
sheep	ewi	aui	avi			ovis	ois	ouwi
shine	bhreg	bhraj	bhraj		baraz-dan				Bhrigu <- bhraj
shout, yell	krawek		krosha	xravsa	khuros		krauga	schrei
sit	sed	sad	sad	had, shasat	nishastan	sedeo, sedi	hizdo	sitzen
sleep	ses	sas	sas	hahm					sasa - RV composer
snake	eguhi	ajhi	ahi	azi					Vedic demon, serpent
son	sunu	sunu	sunu	hunu			nios	sunu
song	som	saman	saman				humno
spindle, axle	kertro	carttra	cattra						FU loan word kehra
spoke	ero	ara	ara						flames are the spoke of fire
spring	weser	wasar	vasar, vasanta		bahar	ver	ear
stomach	udero	udara	udara	udaras		uterus	otheros	wanast
stone, thunder	ekmon	acman	ashman, ashna	asman	asman		akmon		often means cloud, heaven
strong	bhrigh	bhrijh	brih	barez	buland			berg	brihaspati <- brih + pati
strong	yend	indra	indra	indra			hadro		RV God, Hadron particle of Physics
strong, hard	kert		kratu	xratu	xirad		kratos	hart	kavikratu - Agni
strong, skill	deks	daksha	daksha			dexter	doxa
stronghold	pla	pra	pur
sun	sehwel	suhar	svar, surya	huar	khwar	sol	helios	sonne
tongue	dighue	jijhua	jihva	hizva	zaban	lingua		zunge
top, peak		bhrishti	bhrishti	baresti				burusti	burusti = bristle, baresti = NW
tortoise		kashyap	kacchap		kashaf				Central Asian loan word
tree	drew	daru, taru	daru	dauru			doru	trewo	~ danda (after retroflection)
twin	yem	yama	yama	yaema		geminus			Gemini constellation
Varuna	welnos	varnas	varuna				Uranos		IE God
village	weik	vic	vish	vis		vicus	oikos
war	semer	hamar	samar
warrior	meilets		melaka			miles
water	wedor	udra	udra		darya		hudor	wasser
wheel	keklo	cakra	cakra	caxra	carkh	colus	kuklos
white	kueit	cuait	sveta	spaeta	saped
win	uen	uan	van	van		Venus		gewinnen
wind	uento	uata	vata	vata	bad	uentus			RV God
winter	gheimen	jhaiman	heman, hima	zaen	dai	heims	kheima
wolf	ulkuo	urka	vrika	vehrka	warqa	lupus	lukos	wolf	Av. vehrkan = Gorgan; Skr Varkanya
woman	gen	jan	jani	jaini	zan		gyne	quena
work, skill	lab	rabh	rabh, ribhu			labor			ribhu, bhrigu - artist
yoke, harness	ieug, yug	iaug	yuj	yuj	juft	iugera	zux	joch	yojana <>